It is there, but you're right that it is confusing.
In the Solution Explorer window, select the project. A toggle button at the top should be available called "Show All Files".
When "show all files" is enabled it shows the actual directory structure. When "show all files" is disabled it shows the Filters view.
Filters can work when you've got a large complex project and the directory structure doesn't match the logical structure. Consider a project that has publicly-exposed portions for modding or third party development and hidden portions kept internal to your organization. That project might have headers in one area of a source tree, proxy or intermediate or other PImpl implementation files in another, and the internal or private use headers and implementation files in a third and fourth location. There are other cases, but that is probably the most clear within this industry. The filters can put all the different pieces (the public headers, the publicly visible classes, and the internal non-published code) all together in a logical place to make it easier for developers to work with.
When you want to switch between them, hit the toggle button.